Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections worldwide. These infections often lead to discomfort, pain and sometimes even more severe health complications. Although UTIs are more commonly associated with women, men and children can also get them.
As a primary care doctor, I believe that knowledge is key when it comes to UTIs. Below, we will look at what UTIs are, their common symptoms, and most importantly, steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing one.
UTIs explained
A UTI occurs when bacteria or other pathogens enter the urinary tract and cause an infection. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. UTIs can affect any part of the urinary tract, but the most common ones are:
- Cystitis (bladder infection)
- Urethritis (urethra infection)
- Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)
Symptoms of UTIs
Symptoms can vary depending on the location of the infection, but here are some common signs you should watch out for:
- A strong, persistent urge to urinate.
- A burning sensation during urination.
- Cloudy, dark or strong-smelling urine.
- Pelvic pain or discomfort (in women).
- Blood in the urine.
- Fever (in more severe cases).
- Increased confusion, agitation, or withdrawal (in older adults).
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to make an appointment with your primary care doctor or advanced practice provider* (APP) right away. If left untreated, UTIs can lead to more serious medical issues, such as kidney infections.
Preventing Urinary Tract Infections
While UTIs are common, there are some things you can do to lower your risk. Here are 8 tips for preventing UTIs:
- Drink plenty of water
Staying hydrated is one of the simplest and most effective ways to prevent UTIs. Drinking enough water helps flush bacteria out of your urinary system, preventing them from sticking to the walls of the bladder and urethra. To learn more about how to stay hydrated, check out our blog, How to Stay Hydrated in the Heat. - Wipe from front to back
For women, it’s important to always wipe from front to back after using the restroom. This helps prevent the spread of bacteria from the rectal area to the urethra, reducing the risk of infection. - Urinate when you need to
Holding in urine for long periods of time can cause bacterial growth in the bladder. Make sure to urinate regularly to flush bacteria out of the urinary tract. - Urinate after sexual activity
Sexual intercourse can introduce bacteria into the urethra. To reduce the risk of UTIs, it is recommended to urinate shortly after sexual activity. This helps clear out any bacteria that may have entered the urinary tract during sex. - Avoid irritating products
Certain products, such as douches, feminine sprays and powders, can irritate the urinary tract and increase the risk of infection. Stick to mild, unscented soap and avoid products that could disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the area. - Wear loose-fitting clothing and cotton underwear
Tight clothing and synthetic fabrics can trap moisture and create a breeding ground for bacteria. Instead, choose loose-fitting clothes and cotton underwear, which allow the area to breathe and reduce moisture buildup. - Consider probiotics
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help maintain a healthy balance of microbes in the urinary tract. Including probiotics in your diet through foods like yogurt, kefir or supplements may help prevent UTIs, especially if you experience frequent infections. - Cranberry supplements
Some studies suggest that cranberry products, particularly cranberry juice or supplements, may help reduce the recurrence of UTIs by preventing bacteria from adhering to the walls of the urinary tract. While the evidence isn’t conclusive, it can be worth trying as part of your broader prevention strategy.
Taking proactive steps to prevent and address urinary tract infections can make a significant difference in your overall well-being. Whether through proper hydration, maintaining good hygiene, or seeking timely medical advice when symptoms arise, managing UTIs effectively is essential for your health. By staying informed and prioritizing care, you can minimize discomfort and reduce the likelihood of recurring infections. Always talk with your doctor or APP for personalized advice and remember that even small changes can lead to better urinary health.
*An advanced practice provider includes a nurse practitioner or physician assistant.