Before we dive into the factors that differentiate sunscreens, it’s important to understand the basics of applying any option. While sunscreen can protect you from skin cancer and premature aging, it’s only effective if you use it correctly. To get the most from your sunscreen, apply one ounce, or one shot-glass worth, to fully cover all the bare skin on your body.
Remember, it is important to wear sunscreen every day. Even on a cloudy or cool day, up to 80 percent of the sun’s UV rays reach the earth. Going unprotected can lead to skin damage so be sure to apply your sunscreen 15 minutes ahead of walking out the door and reapply every two hours to maintain protection.
There are many considerations when choosing the right sunscreen for you:
Choosing a higher SPF, or sun protection factor, can give you the most time for sun exposure without risking a sunburn. The Skin Cancer Foundation defines SPF as, “how long the sun’s UVB rays would take to redden your skin when using a particular sunscreen compared with the amount of time without sunscreen.” So, the number of SPF you’re using is how much longer it would take you to get a sunburn versus going bare skinned. For my patients who are especially fair skinned, I recommend the highest SPF you can get away with, but everyone should wear sunscreen. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends at least an SPF of 30 or higher.
Most sunscreen contains ingredients that absorb the sun’s rays, while others, known as sunblock, sit on the surface of the skin and deflect the rays. Because of these properties, sunblock may be ideal if you have sensitive skin and need stronger coverage whereas sunscreen is easier to rub in without leaving a white residue.
You may have also heard that some sunscreens are safer for the environment, also known as “reef safe,” because of their ingredients; opt for a sunblock the next time you’re in need if you’d like to use a reef-safe product.
When choosing between spray, lotion, or stick sunscreens (and any new varieties that come to the market), pick what works best for the activities you’re participating in while outside. You can also mix and match, like using a spray sunscreen on your body and stick or lotion for your face. For my patients that do prefer a spray nozzle, I recommend avoiding applying directly to the face and instead spraying first into the hands and then rubbing the sunscreen in.
When shopping for sunscreen, there are many generic brand options to choose from that provide the same active ingredients and UVA/UVB coverage as more expensive selections. If you’re cost conscious, don’t feel like you need to choose the top-of-the-line sunscreen to get the most value. For people with sensitive skin, look for options with non-irritating ingredients at your price point.
With all these options, the best sunscreen for you is the one you use correctly and consistently. I see patients every day that are experiencing forms of cancer linked to sun exposure. Even if you have had a lifetime in the sun, like postal workers, PE teachers, farm workers, and other careers, it’s never too late to take steps to protect yourself and prevent future damage.
If you do see a concerning mark on your skin, visit a healthcare provider for their evaluation. If a spot is cancerous, the sooner you diagnose, the better your outcome. Even just a fraction of a millimeter can make a difference in your long-term health.