As a primary care doctor with more than 13 years of experience, I have seen the value of maintaining good health and taking proactive steps to prevent illness. Women face unique health challenges throughout their lives, from reproductive health to heart disease risk. Preventive health screenings play a key role in identifying potential health issues early on, helping to make sure that treatment can be given before problems become more serious.
Below, we will look at why preventive health screenings are important for women, what types of screenings you should consider, and how they can empower you to live a healthier life.
Why preventive screenings matter
Preventive screenings play a key role in detecting diseases before symptoms arise. The goal is not just to identify conditions like breast cancer, cervical cancer and osteoporosis, but also to monitor your overall health and reduce risks for chronic diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease. Early detection often means easier, more effective treatment and, in many cases, a better outcome.
While women of all ages can benefit from routine screenings, it is important to talk with your primary care doctor or advanced practice provider* (APP) about which ones are right for your personal health needs.
Essential screenings for women
Here are the most important preventive health screenings for women:
Breast cancer screening (mammograms)
According to the CDC, 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime, making it one of the most common cancers among women. Women aged 40 and older should begin annual mammograms, although your primary care doctor or APP may recommend starting earlier depending on your risk factors. Getting regular screenings can help to find breast cancer early when it’s easiest to treat.
Cervical cancer screening (pap smear & HPV test)
Pap smears are used to screen for cervical cancer and abnormal cell changes in the cervix. Women should begin screenings at age 21 and have one every three years. For women 30 or older, their doctor or APP may recommend combining the Pap smear with an HPV test to check for high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus, which can increase your risk of cervical cancer.
Colorectal cancer screening (colonoscopy)
Colon (colorectal) cancer is one of the most preventable cancers, and early detection can save lives. The American Cancer Society recommends that women at average risk begin colon cancer screenings at the age of 45. A colonoscopy is the most common screening method, allowing doctors to look for polyps or abnormal growths that could develop into cancer. If you have a family history of colon cancer, your doctor or APP may recommend you start screenings earlier.
Blood pressure and cholesterol checks
High blood pressure and high cholesterol are key risk factors for heart disease, the leading cause of death among women. Regular blood pressure and cholesterol screenings should begin in your 20s and continue yearly as you age. These screenings are simple but powerful tools for detecting heart disease risks early.
Diabetes screening
Women with certain risk factors, such as a family history of diabetes, obesity or gestational diabetes, should begin screening for diabetes starting at age 45. Regular blood glucose checks can help detect diabetes or prediabetes, allowing you to make changes to prevent progression.
Bone density test (osteoporosis screening)
Osteoporosis is a common condition in women, particularly after menopause, that causes your bones to become weak and brittle. Bone density tests are recommended for women aged 65 and older, or earlier if you have risk factors such as a family history of osteoporosis or use any medications that may weaken bones. Early detection allows for effective interventions to prevent fractures.
Skin cancer screening
Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the U.S., and early detection is key. Regular skin exams by a doctor or APP, along with self-exams, can help spot abnormal moles or skin changes that could indicate melanoma or other forms of skin cancer.
Staying on top of your health screenings requires planning and organization. Here are some tips to help you keep on track with them.
- Keep a health calendar: Write down the dates for your next screenings so you don’t forget to schedule them. You can use a physical calendar or digital reminders.
- Talk to your doctor or APP: If you're unsure about which screenings you need or when they should happen, don't hesitate to ask your doctor or APP. They can help you understand your risks and set up a personalized screening schedule.
- Stay consistent: Make sure to keep your appointments and follow through with any additional testing that may be required. Consistency is key to maintaining your health.
Preventive health screenings are a powerful way to take control of your health and protect your future. By detecting issues early, you can take action and receive the treatment you need, helping you to live a longer, healthier life. Remember, your health is a priority, and scheduling, and keeping, regular screenings is an investment in your long-term well-being.
*An advanced practice provider includes a nurse practitioner or physician assistant.